Stories behind superstitions | Broken mirrors

Why do we consider breaking a mirror bad luck? It’s a conundrum worth a little reflection

What do you see when you look in the mirror? In ancient Greece, they weren’t only a means of checking your lipstick, but also portals to the soul. So, you can imagine what an ill omen breaking one would be.

It was the Romans, however, who gave us the idea of it bringing seven years of bad luck – the time they believed it took to renew a life, and about the same amount of time that it seems to take to be rid of tiny shards of glass. (There’s also a superstition which claims that if it breaks into small shards, your bad luck will be smaller than if it breaks into large pieces.)

Ideas about broken mirrors can be found around the world – looking at your reflection in a broken mirror is considered bad luck in both Russia and India. Cunning ways of losing the bad luck include burying the shards under the light of the full moon, or waiting seven hours before you touch it.

Smashing.

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How to build your own camp stove

Impress your neighbours (that will be the squirrels then) with this simple campsite DIY

You will need:
Large rocks or green logs
Spade (optional)
Tinder, such as as dry leaves or grass
Dry twigs for kindling
Dry firewood
Grill
Water to hand

Pick a spot at least 3m from anything flammable and on exposed earth. Create a keyhole-shaped border from large rocks or green logs. Dig a shallow pit within main hole. Now assemble your fire. Tinder goes in the middle. Kindling is next: try a teepee or stacking method. Once it’s going, add your firewood – try to spread it out evenly. After the flames have died down, use the resulting coals to cook food (rake coals from the pit to the square section for more even heat). Lay a grill on top of the stones and get sizzling!

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Natural first aid | Jellyfish stings

Anaphylactic shock is possible from jellyfish stings. Seek immediate medical attention if any of the symptoms of an allergic reaction: nausea, difficulty in breathing, difficulty in swallowing, fever, heart palpitations.

WHILE YOU WAIT FOR MEDICAL HELP:
* Prevent further stinging by brushing away tentacle fragments.
* Scrape off any remaining stinging cells with a sharp-edged object such as a credit card. A towel will suffice if nothing else is available.
* Rinse with seawater, not ever with fresh water (which can trigger further stings).
* Apply up to five drops of lavender essential oil to help neutralise the sting. Reapply every 15 minutes. (Pouring urine on the stung area has the same effect.)
* Start healing. Apply vitamin E or aloe vera juice to heal tissue and reduce inflammation.

Adapted from The Natural First Aid Handbook by Brigitte Mars (Storey Publishing).

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Stories behind superstitions | Wishing on a star

Why do we wish upon a shooting star? Heavens above! You’d be lucky even to spot one

“When you wish upon a star, your dreams come true.” Why, other than the reassurances from Jiminy Cricket, do we believe this? It’s an idea that spans cultures from all over the world. But even thinking of them as stars is wishful thinking – in fact they’re meteors going all ablaze entering Earth’s atmosphere.

Back in the 2nd century, Greek astronomer Ptolemy interpreted them as a sign the Gods were peering down at Earth – the stars slipped through spaces in the heavens – and therefore a good time to ask for what you most wish. It’s more likely their hold comes from their rarity, making a spotter feel blessed. Be thankful you only need to make a wish upon spotting.

In Chile, you’re also required to pick up a stone to make your wish, while in the Philippines you have to tie a knot in your hankie before its light goes. Good luck with that!

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Stories behind superstitions | He loves me, he loves me not

Why do we play “he loves me, he loves me not” with daisies? Daisy, daisy, give us your answer do

Pity the poor daisy, pulled apart by lovelorn types for many centuries. The answer why is hard to come by and even the where is disputed – there are a couple of countries vying to be the oldest daisy destroyers.

Among several 15th-century references in German books, nun and scribe Clara Hätzerlin included ‘The Daisy Oracle’ in her 1471 Liederhandschrift (or songbook). It also was dramatised in Goethe’s 1808 Faust. The French have the tradition of ‘effeuiller la marguerite’, literally ‘to pluck the daisy’. But, in a typically Gallic way, that game is more about how much they are loved, a little, a lot, passionately, to madness or pas du tout – not at all.

However, it’s another European nation that swoops in for the final bit of daisy lore. The world record largest number of people playing “He Loves Me He Loves Me Not” (331) took place on a TV show in 2009... in Italy.

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Stories behind superstitions | Knock on wood

Why do we knock on wood? We’ve been leafing through the history books to trace the roots of this belief

Don’t want to lose this good thing – as the song goes – well, you better knock, knock on wood. We’ve been using the phrase since at least the 19th century to protect our good fortune but theories as to why link it back even further. It’s thought that in pagan cultures, it was used either to call on the protection of spirits, or scare away malignant forces.

A Christian interpretation links it to the wood of Christ’s cross – as well as a Jewish one, recalling the coded knocks of escape networks during the Spanish inquisition. A later interpretation links to a child’s game of tag, and the knocking on wood that means “safe”, made more plausible by the fact the first written reference to touching wood is as recent as 1899. Nevertheless, variations of the superstition appear in many different cultures. Italians, for example, instead will find themselves “touching iron”.

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Natural first aid | Bee and wasp stings

Seek immediate medical attention if their tongue swells, they’re having trouble breathing, blurred vision or nausea, or you see skin rash or flushing. 

WHILE AWAITING MEDICAL ATTENTION:
Check to see if carrying an EpiPen.
Remove the stinger. Being careful not to squeeze the venom sac at the stinger’s base, gently drag a fingernail edge or a credit card across the stinger in the direction opposite from its entry.

AT-HOME FIRST AID
After extracting the stinger, wash with soap and water before finding relief.
Mud and freshly chewed plantain leaf help, or try baking soda (mix with vinegar into paste), onion (lay fresh slices over wound) or dip a clean cloth in milk, wring out, fold and apply.
Two drops of lavender essential oil are also effective applied topically.

Adapted from The Natural First Aid Handbook by Brigitte Mars (Storey Publishing).

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Use old bins to grow veg

Reusing old or damaged bins for container gardening is a wheelie good idea

ALL YOU NEED:
An old wheelie bin
Stones or gravel
Seeds: this works with growing (or beginning growing) almost anything
Soil

1 Drill four large holes in the bottom of the bin for drainage.
2 Add stones and gravel to the bottom of the bin, how much you need will depend on what you’re planting and how much soil they’ll need.
3 Fill with compost to just over halfway.
4 Create holes in soil for your seeds, spacing dependent on seed package instructions..
5 Keep it well watered, and add fertiliser regularly.

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Natural first aid | Asthma attacks

Seek immediate medical attention if the individual is wheezing, not getting enough oxygen or has signs of cyanosis: bluish lips and nail beds, pale colour. While you wait for medical attention:

FOLLOW THE DOCTOR’S INSTRUCTIONS.
Administer any medication that was prescribed by the individual’s doctor.

HAVE THEM SIT UP STRAIGHT IN A CHAIR.
Ask them to lean forward and rest their forearms on a table, elbows pointing away from the body.
OFFER A BEVERAGE.
Coffee, black tea or a hot liquid like clear tea can help dilate the airway. If available, lobelia tea (1⁄4 tsp of herbs or 5 to 10 drops of tincture to 1 cup warm water) may help.

APPLY A COLD-WATER COMPRESS TO THE CHEST.
In some cases, it may stop the attack.

Adapted from The Natural First Aid Handbook by Brigitte Mars (Storey Publishing).

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Stories behind superstitions | Umbrellas

Why is it bad luck to open an umbrella indoors? Is it a snub to ancient gods or just health and safety?

One suggestion links it to the Egyptian goddess Nut, also known as “coverer of the sky”. Man-made umbrellas, to shield their users from the sun, were said to have been crafted as a tribute to her – and were therefore as symbolic as they were practical, their use associated with nobility. Being able, or asked, to stand under one was an honour – and not one that should be violated.

A more practically minded explanation comes from 18th-century London, where foldable umbrellas were still a relatively new invention. These large and unwieldy metal-spoked brollies had a habit of violently springing open, making them likely to cause damage to belongings or people if opened in too close a proximity.

Prepared to risk Ancient Egyptian wrath and trust in the safety of a modern brolly? Mark 13 March in your 2019 diary: it’s National Open an Umbrella Indoors Day.

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Build and fly a kite

For first-time kite makers, the diamond is a classic design and the simplest to build

1 Find a thick plastic bag at least 50cm wide and 1 metre tall. Lay it out, open end at the bottom. Starting just below the bag’s top-left corner, mark three dots for the top, bottom, and right- hand corners of your kite.
2 Connect the dots using a ruler and pen. Cut along these two lines on the bag; set aside off- cuts. Open bag out to reveal your sail’s outline. 
3 Place a length of 5mm diameter hardwood dowel down the sail’s centre line, lining it up with the top sail corner. Saw off at bottom and fix to the bag with installation tape. Do the same for the other dowel, horizontally.
4 Pierce a hole where the dowels cross. Thread with flying line (ideally nylon) through this hole and secure around the cross of the dowels.
5 Using plastic off-cuts, make the tail, roughly 5cm wide and five times as long as the kite. Tie one end around the base of the vertical spar. 

Adapted from The Wild Book: Outdoor Activities to Unleash Your Inner Child by David Scarfe (Trapeze)

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Stories behind superstitions | White Rabbits

Why do we say white rabbits on the first of the month? These theories will keep you rabbiting on

It’s first thing on 1 March. Are your first words a hopeful request for tea, or something along more lupine lines? 

Saying “white rabbits” or “rabbit, rabbit, rabbit” on the first day of each month dates back centuries in England. According to one article, it even reached presidents: "Mr Roosevelt ... has confessed ... that he says ‘Rabbits’ on the first of every month ... he would not think of omitting the utterance on any account.” 

Given that the earliest known written mention was in 1420, it’s thought it may have come from a ritual charm by farmers. Or perhaps it’s simply because rabbits are considered “lucky” – just think of the practice of carrying a rabbit’s foot. Another theory is that the word ‘rabbit’ was often used in expletives, so it could be a continuation of the idea that swearing was a way to avoid evil. 

Of course, another way to greet the new month is with a pinch and a punch, but that’s a whole other story...

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How to cross a frozen lake

No skating on thin ice, if you follow these solid suggestions

Be prepared
Don’t go alone. Carry 15m of rope, an ice pick or ice claws, as well as warm, thick clothes in a waterproof bag.

Study the ice
Clear blue, black or green ice is strongest. Avoid white, milky ice and danger signs including slush, cracks and seams. Ice underneath snow will also be thin and weak. 

How to move
With your ice pick, measure the ice depth at least every 50 metres. 10cm of clear, newly formed ice can support walking (20–30cm, a small car). Wear skis or snowshoes and, in a group, walk about 15 metres apart.

If you fall in...
Keep clothes on but lose shoes. Put your hands and arms on the ice and kick. Use your claws to pull yourself onto the surface, then roll away from the broken ice. Change into dry clothes and seek shelter and hot drinks.

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How to interpret your dreams

Looking for definite answers? You must be dreaming

Attempts at dream decoding date back centuries – think of Joseph interpreting Pharaoh’s dream in the Bible (or, indeed, in the Lloyd Webber musical), for example.

Although there are hundreds of ‘dream dictionaries’ available, they are generally lacking any factual back-up – very broad links is about as far as scientists have got. But while you might not figure out exactly what that particularly vivid dream was supposed to mean, there are other useful ways to consider our dreams that can help us in our everyday (real) lives:
       

• Because most believe dreams provide insight, they do affect our behaviour. For example, people asked to imagine they dreamt about a plane crash the night before a trip were more likely to cancel than if a real crash had happened. The dream also produced a similar level of anxiety as a real crash.
• If a dream has produced a strong reaction, it’s probably worth taking the time to reflect on it, and ask yourself if it bears any logical relation to your waking hours – even if that simply means less cheese before bed.

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Christmas hacks | Style up shop-bought stuffing

Style up shop-bought stuffing for an extra special side dish this Christmas

1. Heat a couple of tablespoons olive oil in a frying pan.
2. Add a chopped onion and stir until softened.
3. Add stock and bring to the boil (you’ll need roughly three-quarters stock to stuffing mix quantity).
4. Take off heat and add to stuffing mix.
5. Stir in a few tablespoons of herbs of your choice, such as parsley or rosemary.
6. Spoon out the mixture into a shallow tin and cook for 20 mins with foil on, and another 10 without it.

The December issue features a cracker of a Miscellany Christmas special (page 99), packed with puzzles, games, stocking fillers, bad jokes, amazing facts and forgotten wisdom, including:

• Mix a great martini 

• Secret Santa gifts

• Make sweet frumenty 

• Christmas i-spy

• How to carve turkey 

• Fizzy amaretto sours 

• Make invisible ink

• Froebel stars

• Wrapping awkward gifts 

• Beat the family at games

• The Simple Things’ sprouts & crackers board game

• Identifier: Bestseller toys 

• Bah humbug word search

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Christmas | How to make a great martini

Glamour distilled. Best served with the inevitable Bond on the telly

1 Add a measure of dry vermouth into a martini glass, swooshing it around so the glass is coated. Then pour into a cocktail shaker, swirl before chucking out anything remaining.
2 Add a measure of gin into the shaker along with a couple of ice cubes.
3 Shake gently, before popping it into the freezer.
4 Prep your glass, by wiping the rim with lemon zest. Then it goes in the freezer too.
5 Patiently wait for 30 minutes, then strain into a glass.
6 Garnish with an olive.

The December issue features a cracker of a Miscellany Christmas special (page 99), packed with puzzles, games, stocking fillers, bad jokes, amazing facts and forgotten wisdom, including:

• Mix a great martini 

• Secret Santa gifts

• Make sweet frumenty 

• Christmas i-spy

• How to carve turkey 

• Fizzy amaretto sours 

• Make invisible ink

• Froebel stars

• Wrapping awkward gifts 

• Beat the family at games

• The Simple Things’ sprouts & crackers board game

• Identifier: Bestseller toys 

• Bah humbug word search

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Christmas | How to wrap awkward presents

This nifty gift wrap bag trick can be scaled up or down to fit your gift

1 Place the pressie in the middle of the paper, making sure you have enough paper to go around it.
2 Pop your present aside. Fold the paper edges to meet and overlap in the centre (ideally hiding ‘raw’ edges) and tape down the overlap.
3 Fold up the bottom of the paper. This will be your base, so make the fold at least as wide as your pressie.
4 Unfold and bring each open ‘side’ towards the centre: you’re creating two triangles that touch to create a diamond shape. Tape.
5 Take the top and bottom points of the diamond and fold them onto each other and tape into place to make a secure base.
6 The pressie goes inside the newly formed bag. Fold the top over to hide raw edges for a pro finish.

The December issue features a cracker of a Miscellany Christmas special (page 99), packed with puzzles, games, stocking fillers, bad jokes, amazing facts and forgotten wisdom, including:

• Mix a great martini 

• Secret Santa gifts

• Make sweet frumenty 

• Christmas i-spy

• How to carve turkey 

• Fizzy amaretto sours 

• Make invisible ink

• Froebel stars

• Wrapping awkward gifts 

• Beat the family at games

• The Simple Things’ sprouts & crackers board game

• Identifier: Bestseller toys 

• Bah humbug word search

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Childhood craft | Make invisible ink

Snaffle an onion from the stuffing for TOP SECRET purposes

You will need:
1 onion
Bowl
Small, empty jar
Old-fashioned (empty) ink pen
Writing paper

1 Cut your onion in half and shed a few tears for your lost youth as you squeeze its juice into the bowl.
2 Pour this watery liquid into the jar.
3 Then decant this liquid into your pen, as if it’s ink.
4 Write your TOP SECRET message onto the paper and leave it to dry.
5 When the time comes to reveal your secret to the world, hold it up to heat and your message should magically appear.

*The Simple Things bears no responsibility for any secrets revealed and reputations ruined during this process (IDST – if destroyed still true).*

The December issue features a cracker of a Miscellany Christmas special (page 99), packed with puzzles, games, stocking fillers, bad jokes, amazing facts and forgotten wisdom, including:

• Mix a great martini 

• Secret Santa gifts

• Make sweet frumenty 

• Christmas i-spy

• How to carve turkey 

• Fizzy amaretto sours 

• Make invisible ink

• Froebel stars

• Wrapping awkward gifts 

• Beat the family at games

• The Simple Things’ sprouts & crackers board game

• Identifier: Bestseller toys 

• Bah humbug word search

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Sprouts and Crackers

Challenge friends and family to join you in Sprouts and Crackers, a festive The Simple Things version of the popular board game. Bad jokes all our own work.

Download your counters now

This game was published in the December 2017 issue of The Simple Things. You can buy back issues in the Iceberg Press shop.

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Garden hacks | Turn a shoe-hanger into a tool rack

Old shoe-hangers, re-used as somewhere to hang garden tools, mean you’ll always have your tools to hand when needed.

You will need:
An old shoe-hanger or tie-hanger
Drill
Screws
Tape measure and pencil

1 Measure where you want to install your hanger. Remember to think about the length of your tools as well as the width of the hanger.
2 Line up your hanger, marking with a pencil where to drill.
3 Drill holes and insert screws.
4 Ta-da! Your new tool-holder is ready to hang.

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