Facti (facts about cacti)

Inspiring paper cuts, embroidery, jewellery and more, crafty cacti are showcased on page 112 of August's The Simple Things. But what about the real thing? 

• The tallest cactus is Pachycereus pringlei, which can reach heights just shy of 20 metres; the smallest, Blossfeldia liliputana, is an easy-to- overlook 2cm diameter.
• Think you’re thirsty? A fully grown saguaro can take up to 2,500 litres of water in 10 days.
• Legend says that the Aztecs were told to settle where they spotted an eagle, carrying a snake, perched on a cactus. This spot became Tenochtitlán, now part of modern day Mexico City – and is visible on the coat of arms of the Mexican flag.
• In the wild, cactus plant can live from between 25 to 300 years. Less in the home, especially if you overwater – which is the biggest killer of domestic cacti.
• ‘Cacti’ is the Latin plural; ‘cactuses’ is the English plural. Pedants please note: dictionaries list both.
• They’re only native to North and South America, with one brave exception found in tropical Africa, Madagascar and Sri Lanka.
• All cacti flower: it’s just some only do it at night and, for some, the bloom only lasts a few days.
• Cacti feature in the cave paintings in Brazil’s Serra da Capivara. Seeds have also been found in ancient middens (waste dumps), in Mexico and Peru, dating from around 10,000 years ago.

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Garden hacks | Picture frame succulents

Make your plants pretty as a picture

You will need:
An old picture frame
Thin plywood
Screws and a drill
Chicken wire
Compost mixed with horticultural grit or sand
Dibber
Succulents: try a mix of hanging plants and rosettes

1 Remove any glass from the frame and replace with chicken wire.
2 Fashion a box frame to fit on the back of the frame using the plywood and attach.
3 At the bottom of the box, drill holes to allow for drainage.
4 Fill the box with compost mix.
5 Create holes between sections of the wire mesh, adding one of your plants into each hole.
6 Leave to stand for a few weeks to bed in before hanging, so that your plants don’t fall out!

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Outdoor project: Plan and plant a living wall

Succulents look great huddled together in a living wall, and they’re low maintenance too.

As natives to all sorts of arid areas around the world, succulents have developed fascinating plant shapes, leaf forms and unique colours. This uniqueness gives them an otherworldly appearance that works remarkably well in a living wall. If planted in a moveable system, they can easily be shifted indoors in colder weather so the living wall can be enjoyed all year.

What you need

Plants - these work well in vertical gardens: 
Burro’s Tail (Sedum morganianum) 
Hens-and-chicks (Sempervivum tectorum or Echeveria elegans) 
Jade plant (Crassula ovata) 
Medicine plant (Aloe vera)
Pink vygie (Lampranthus blandus) 
Plush plant (Echiveria pulvinata) 
Senecio (Senecio Spp)
Stonecrop (Sedum acre)

Tools
1 living wall planter (Try Minigarden, £42.99, from Garden Beet, www.gardenbeet.com)
Screwdriver and screws
Tape measure
Spirit level
Cactus or succulent soil mix
Organic fertiliser
Trowel

What you do

1. Use a trowel to fill the planter with soil mix.
2. Measure an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer into the soil; mix well. 
3. Plant the succulents carefully into the soil, being gentle to prevent stem breakage.
4. Water well.
5. Hang the planter on the wall, according the manufacturer’s instructions.

How to care for your vertical garden

Watering: succulents are drought tolerant, but they appreciate generous summer watering. Let the soil dry out between waterings. Overwatered plants can be mushy, discolored, rotted, and limp; leaves will often turn white, completely losing their colour. Under-watered plants will stop growing, turn brown in spots, and then drop their leaves. Consistent, even waterings with time to dry out in between drinks will ensure a healthy plant.
Temperature: these tough plants can thrive at temperatures as low as 5C at night, but prefer day temperatures in the range of 20–30C and average nightly temperatures no lower than 10–12C. This makes them excellent candidates for most balconies or patios during the summer.
Light: bright, even light is best as succulents scorch when in direct sun, and turn leggy when out of it. Many walls, fences, and gates have bright light conditions without direct light, making them an excellent location for succulents.
Drainage: plants in quick-draining soil made for cactus and succulents. If you cannot find this, mix one part potting soil, one part perlite, and one part course builder’s sand in a bucket. 
Feed: fertilise during the summer with an organic fertiliser recommended for cactus or succulents.

Where to buy

Most garden centres sell succulents. Surreal Succulents (www.surrealsucculents.co.uk) has a good selection of echeveria, sedum and crassula, from £3.95 per plant, which can be ordered online. Also try Easy Cactus (www.easycactus.co.uk), which sells various succulents including echeveria and crassula.

Adapted from Grow a Living Wall by Shawna Coronado (Quarto, £16.99)

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